Assessment:

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Topics in Wind Engineering

1. Wind loading on structures: overall action (aerodynamic forces and moments) and local action (wind induced pressure)
2. Wind induced response: deflection; static and dynamic stability; vibration and acceleration; stresses caused by them
   [Examples]:
   buildings:  high-rise - local suction, vibration
                     low/medium - pressure distribution
   bridges:  vibration of road deck and members; static and dynamic stability of deck
   cables:  vibration, transmission of loads to support structures, ice & wind / rain & wind, cable-supported structures
   chimneys:   isolated stack, group of stacks
   towers:  self-suppoting towers, guyed masts
   shells:  hyperbolic cooling towers, large roofs
   unusual structures such as large antennae, telescopes etc.
   ocean structures under wind and waves
3. Local wind environment such as ground level winds influenced by high-rise buildings; architectural design of recreational areas; wind chill factor etc.
4. Dispersion of pollutant and other elements from point, line or area sources with or without the influence of surrounding topography; heavier-than-air gas dispersion; environmental effects of ship stacks etc.
5. Transportation of wind-blown particles such as snow drift; erosion and deposition or sedimentation; effectiveness of fences and shelters; roof-top gravels or panels and resulted missiles
6. Architectural aerodynamics; natural ventilation and stack effect; air control and heating load of buildings; air infiltration and/or exfiltration; wind effects on fire and smoke behaviour; internal flow characteristics; forced convection due to wind.
7. Aerodynamic performance of vehicles, ships & sails, sports performances etc.
8. Wind energy - design of turbines, site selection etc.
9. Topics in Engineering Meteorology such as simulation and modelling of natural wind; unusually strong winds - hurricanes and tornadoes; wind/wave interaction

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Wind Engineering Activities Today

1. International Conference on Wind Engineering was previously called the International Conference or Research Seminar on Wind Effects on Buildings and Structures and has been held nine times so far:
   
   
   • 1963 Teddington, England
   • 1967 Ottawa, Canada
   • 1971 Tokyo, Japan (formally established)
   • 1975 Heathrow (London), England
   • 1979 Fort Collins, Colorado
   • 1983 Gold Coast, Australia & Auckland, New Zealand
   • 1987 Aachen, F.R.Germany
   • 1991 London, Ont., Canada
   • 1995 New Delhi, India
   • 1999 Copenhagen, Denmark
   • 2003 Lubbock, Texas

   ICWE is organized by the International Association for Wind Engineering (IAWE), which was established in September 1975 through an action of the Steering Committee of the International Study Group on Wind Effects on Buildings and Structures. The primary purposes of the IAWE are a) to organize international meetings; and b) to act for liaison between national and international organizations working in similar fields.

2. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics has been published since 1975 from Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, (previously called Journal of Industrial Aerodynamics) and is designated as the journal of IAWE. It contains peer-reviewed papers on various aspects of wind engineering activities.
3. Other national and international activities are:
   International Colloquium on Industrial Aerodynamics; US National Conference on Wind Engineering; Asia-Pacific Symposium on Wind Engineering; IAWE European and African Conference on Wind Engineering; East European Conference on Wind Engineering; National Symposium on Wind Engineering, Japan; Italian National Conference on Wind Engineering; UK Conference on Wind Engineering; International Colloquium on Bluff Body Aerodynamics and Applications (1988 Kyoto, 1992 Melbourne, 1996 Blacksburg, 2000 Bochum, 2004 Ottawa); International Symposium on Computational Wind Engineering (1992 Tokyo, 1996 Fort Collins) etc.

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General References:

1. Jensen, M., Aerodynamik i den Naturlige Vind, Teknisk Forlag, København, 1959.
2. Ghiocel, D. & Lungu, D., Actiunea Vintului, Zapezii si Variatiilor de Temperatura in Constructii, Editura tehnica, Bucharest, 1972; or Wind, Snow and Temperature Effets on Structures based on Probability, (English translation) Abacus Press, 1975.
3. Aynsley, R.M., Melborne, W. & Vickery, B.J., Architectural Aerodynamics, Applied Science, 1977.
4. Lawson, T.V., Wind Effects on Buildings in 2 vols., Applied Science, 1980.
5. Scruton, C., An Introduction to Wind Effects on Structures, Engineering Design Guides 40, BSI & CEI, 1981.
6. Bridge Aerodynamics, Proc. Conf. held at ICE, London, March 1981, Thomas Telford, 1981.
7. Plate, E.J. (ed.), Engineering Meteorology: Fundamentals of Meteorology and Their Application to Problems in Environmental and Civil Engineering, Elsevier, 1982.
8. Ruscheweyh, H., Dynamische Windwirkung an Bauwerken in 2 vols., Bauverlag GmbH, 1982.
9. Panofsky, H.A. & Dutton, J.A., Atmospheric Turbulence: Models and Methods for Engineering Applications, John Wiley & Sons,1984.
10. Scanlan, R.H. & Simiu, E., Wind Effects on Structures: An Introduction to Wind Engineering, John Wiley, 1985 (2nd ed.)
11. Cook, N.J., The designer's guide to wind loading of building structures, in 2 vols., Butterworths, 1985 & 1990.
12. Krishna, P. (ed.), Recent Advances in Wind Engineering, Wiley Eastern Limited, 1994.
13. Sockel, H. (ed.), Wind-Excited Vibrations of Structures, Springer-Verlag, 1994.
14. Proceedings of international conferences on Wind Engineering or related topics
15. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics (previously Journal of Industrial Aerodynamics), Elsevier Scientific, 1975-.
16. ESDU Items "Wind Engineering" in 10 vols., Engineering Science Data Unit Ltd., UK.
17. Engineering Science Research Reports, Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel Laboratory, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
18. Technical Reports (LTR-LA), Low Speed Aerodynamics, National Research Council Canada.

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